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本文目录
1、南京，这个承载着深厚历史与文化底蕴的城市，坐落在中国的江苏省。而当人们说到“南京位于江苏西南部的长江下游”，它所蕴含的地理信息和历史脉络，以英文表达便是：“Nanjing is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southwestern Jiangsu.”
2、想象一下，长江如一条蜿蜒的巨龙，从遥远的青藏高原奔腾而下，最终在广阔的江南大地汇入东海。而南京，恰如这条巨龙的明珠，镶嵌在这片富饶的土地上。它位于长江的下游，这意味着它紧邻着这条中国最长、最重要的河流，地理位置得天独厚。
3、作为江苏省的一部分，南京处于该省的西南部。江苏省是中国东部的一个发达省份，而南京作为其重要城市，不仅在经济、文化、教育等领域发挥着重要作用，还因其历史地位而闻名于世。这里的“西南部”一词，不仅指出了南京的地理方位，也暗示了它在中国版图中的特定位置。
4、“Nanjing is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southwestern Jiangsu”这句话，简洁明了地传达了南京的地理信息。它不仅告诉了我们南京的地理位置，还通过“lower reaches”（下游）和“southwestern”（西南部），为我们描绘了一个关于南京在地理空间中角色的生动画面。
1、南京的英文翻译为Nanjing，而不是Nanking。
2、首先，我们要明确的是，Nanjing是南京的正式英文译名。这个译名在国际上被广泛接受和使用。无论是国际组织、政府机构还是学术机构，在正式场合和文献中，通常都采用Nanjing这一译名。
3、其次，虽然在一些历史文献和早期的英文报道中，南京曾被翻译为Nanking，但随着时间的推移，Nanjing逐渐取代了Nanking，成为更为普遍和标准的英文译名。这种转变反映了语言和文化习惯的发展变化。
4、此外，使用Nanjing作为南京的英文译名，也更符合国际语言规范。在国际交流中，使用统一的、标准化的译名有助于避免混淆和误解，促进信息的准确传播。
5、因此，在回答“南京是英文翻译为Nanjing还是Nanking”这一问题时，我们应该明确答案是Nanjing。这一译名不仅符合国际语言规范，也是南京在国际交流中被广泛接受和使用的英文译名。
Confucius[kən’fu∫jəs孔子] temple[templ寺庙 ]& the Qinhuai river scenic[si:nik风光 ] area[εə riə地带]
1:The Confucius temple, located [lou’keitid位于]at the Qinhuai River scenic[si:nik风景的] area,
2:is a well-known tourist[tu:rist旅游者 ] resort[ri’zэ:t常去度假的地方 ] of the ancient capital Nanjing.
她是古都南京闻名的旅游度假地。
3the river banks of Qinhuai are known for Confucius Temple
4and jointly[ d3эintli连带地] called the Confucius temple area.
5the Confucius temple is no doubt[ daut怀疑] the most famous.
6The temple is the place for people to pay worship[wə:∫ip崇拜] to Confucius.
7:The Confucius temple here in Nanjing was first built in 1034
8and rebuilt[ri:blt重建] in 1986
9The temple we often mentioned[men∫ən提出] should include[inklu:d包括] three architectural [a:kitekt∫ərə建筑]complexes[kэmpleks群，综合体]:
我们常提的孔庙应该包括三个建筑群：
10the temple of Confucius with the hall of great achievements[ə’t∫i:vmənt大成] as the main [mein主要的]body,
11the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning and the imperial[impiəriəl帝国] examination [igzæmi’nei∫ən考试]center.
12As early as in 337 A.D.[ei’di:公元],
13but at that time there was only the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning without the Confucius temple.
14The temple was built up and extended[ikstendid扩大] on the basis [beisis基础]of the palace of learning until 1034.
直到1034年孔庙才在学宫的基础上建立和扩大起来
15The Confucius temple complex[kэmpleks复杂] covers [k∧və包括]the pan[pæn畔] pool[pu:l池],screen[skri:n屏，照壁] wall,the gateway[geitwei通道] of all scholars[skэlə学生，有文化],
孔庙综合包括：泮池、照壁、天下文枢坊、
16juxing[聚星] pavilion[pə’viljən亭],Kuixing[魁星] pavilion, Lingxing[灵星 ] gate,
17the hall of great achievements[ə‘t∫i:vmənt达成] and the gate etc[=et cetera等等et’setərə ].
18As the confucius temple in qufu，Shandong province
19is built by the side of the pan river,
20all the temples of Confucius in the country
22and the water in front of Confucius temple is called pan pool.
23And this has become a custom[k∧st∂m惯例] through[θru：在期间] long usage[ju：sidЗ惯用法]
24this confucirs temple makes the natural stream[stri：m流动] of the Qinhuai river as its pan pool,
这里的夫子庙把秦淮河流动的水作为它的泮池
25which is also called the pool of crescent[kresnt新月] moon“by the local[louk∂l当地] people.
26Standing at the southern bank of the pan pool is the screen[skri：n屏] wall,
27which is 110 meters long and 10 meters high.
28it ranks[ræηk最高点] top among all the screen walls across[∂’krэ：s遍布各地] the county.
29The wall was built in 1575 and newly renovated [‘ren∂,veit重做]in 1984.
这个照壁建于1575年，近来重建于1984年
30the function [f∧ηk∫n功能]of the wall
31was to indicate[indikeit表明] that the confucirs’ learning was too profound[pr∂faund渊博] to be understood by common[kэm∂n普通] folks.[fouk民众]
是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受
32Another function was to cover up遮挡 the main building of the temple,
另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑
33so as to以便 give people an impression.[impre∫∂n印象]of its grandeur[’græn dЗ∂辉煌] and magnificence[mæg’nifisns庄严]
以便给人们一个它辉煌而庄严的印象
34The gateway[geitwei入口处] of all scholars[skэl∂学者] was first built in 1586 in an imitation[imitei∫∂n仿制] of that in Qufu.
天下文枢坊始建于1586年仿曲阜天下文枢坊，
35The meaning of the structure[str∧k t∫∂] was to refer[rif∂：归于] to Confucius as the hub[h∧b中心] of all writings and ethics[eθiks道德] in ancient times.
它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。
36lingxing gate is also called the gate of etiquette[eti’ket礼仪]
37specially built for emperors[emp∂r∂皇帝] to offer[э：f∂提供] sacrifice[sækrifais祭祀] to Confucius.
38the gate built in front of confucius temple
39implies[implai暗指] the meaning of
40“people of talent[tæl∂nt天才] coming forth[fэ：θ涌现] in large numbers[n∧mb∂大量]
41and stability[st∂‘biliti稳定] of the country.”
42Dacheng gate or the gate of great achievements[∂t∫ivm∂nt达成]
43is also called halberd[hæb∂d戟] gate,
44which is the front door of the Confucius temple.
45As Confucius epitomized[ipit∂maiz作为缩影] Chinese culture,
46he was posthumously[pэstjum∂死后] granted[gra：ntid假定] the title[taitl称号] of super saint[seint圣徒] Confucius.
47In the entrance[entr∂ns入口] hall[门厅] of the gate there are four old stone tablets [tæblit碑]:
48The tablets of Confucius asking laozi of the ethical[eθiks道德] codes[koud经].[孔子问礼图碑]
49It was made in 484 A.D. during the southern dynasty
50recorded[rekэ：d记录] on the tablet is the personal[p∂s∂nl个人] experience[ikspi∂ri∂ns经验] of Confucius on his visit to Luoyang,
碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳访问的经验
51the capital of the eastern zhou dynasty in 518 B.C.
52where Confucius made investigations[investingei∫∂n研究] on the system of institutions[institju：∫∂n制度] of the zhou
53and went in quest[kwest寻找] of the ways of how to prosper[prэsp∂繁荣] and stabilize[steibilaiz稳定] the country
去寻找了如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法
54and of how to consolidate[k∂nsэlideit联合] the power of slave[sleiv奴隶] owners[oun∂主人] in the lu state[steit国家].
55The tablet of jiqing Confucius temple.
56In 1308 when the yuan dynasty reigned[rein统治] over the country,
57emperor wuzong issued[i∫iu发布] an imperial[impi∂ri∂l帝国] edict[i：dikt布告]
58”take education as the state administration[∂dministre∫∂n管理] of the empire[empai∂皇权]”
59In the next fall when the Confucius temple started to be rebuilt,
60lu zhi wrote an inscription[inskrip∫∂n碑文] for the tablet.
61but the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in 1330.
当时没有勒石，直到22年后在1330年
62In the xianfeng years of the qing dynasty,the Confucius temple was burnt down in a war
63and the tablet was missing[misiη失踪]
64during the reconstruction[ri：k∂nstr∧kl∂n重建] of the Confucius temple in 1986, the tablet happened[偶然发生] to be unearthed[∧n’∂：θ发掘] from the underground[地下]
1986年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现
65The tablet of the four saints[封四圣碑]
66In 1331 emperor wenzong of the yuan dynasty granted [gra：ntid加封]the four disciples[di’sai’pl门徒] of Confucius
在1331年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒
67Yanhui, zengshen, kongji and mengke as 4 saints[] second to Confucius
颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣
68and they were carved [ka：v雕刻]on a stone tablet to inform [infэ：m告知]the whole country.
67tablet of madam super saint Confucius.[封至圣夫人碑]
68 In 1331 the wife of Confucius was posthumously awarded the title of Madam Super Saint(孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人)
1331年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人
69and a stone tablet was made for her according to the imperial decree(以此旨勒石刻碑) and erected here side by side with the tablet of the four saints(与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙).
70Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements(大成殿) is the main building of Confucian Temple
71and the very place to enshrine and worship Confucius(供奉和祭祀孔子的地方).
72 The hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in ancient imitation(重檐歇山顶仿古建筑),
73Displayed in the hall there is a huge portrait of Confucius(孔子巨幅画像),
which is the largest one through out the country.
Also put on show are the portraits of Yan Hui(颜回), Zeng Shen(曾参), Kong Ji(孔伋)(the grandson of Confucius) and Mengke(Mencius), the four disciples of Confucius as well as a number of ancient musical instruments.
Hung on the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade-and-jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-of-pearl(罗钿) about the life story of Confucius(孔子生平事迹).
In the temple courtyard(庙院) enclosed by roofed corridors, there is a large open-air terrace(露台), which used to be an altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performance of songs and dance(曾是祭祀和歌舞的地方). on the terrace there stands a huge bronze statue of Confucius. the forehead of the statue appears a unique wisdom-and-foresight of the great thinker(眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智), better making a deep impression on visitors.
Juxing Pavilion At the west of the temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion(the pavilion with its 6 eaves upturned) called“Juxing”. The name of Juxing means“assembly of stars”(群星汇聚) and“a galaxy of talent”(人才荟萃), because all the men of letters or well-educated people were regarded as stars over the sky in feudal China. Juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on(聚集) and to learn from each other by exchanging their experience in study(切磋学习心得).
Kuixing Pavilion(now called Kuiguang Pavilion)(魁光阁) at the east of Pan Pool lies the Kuixing Pavilion, which is also called the Pavilion of God of Literature(文星阁). The three-storied hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination candidates(乡试士子们) to pay worship to Confucius before they sit for imperial examinations(应考前拜孔的地方). Later,the pavilion was turned into a teahouse(茶社) for candidates(考生) to meet friends with tea drinking.
Kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the Big Dipper(魁为北斗星之第一星), one of the 28 constellations over the sky(天上28个星宿之一). It was said to be God of literature dominating the fortune of culture and education(主宰文运之神) and,Confucius was regarded as the God. In times of imperial examinations(在科举时代), the examination candidates often came to offer sacrifice to Confucius in the hope of successfully passing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial graduate(以求中举).
The Palace of Learning(学宫) The Palace of Learning is an architectural complex consisting of Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue(明德堂), Zunjing Library(尊经阁), Qingyun Tower(青云楼) and Ancestral Temple for Worshiping the Parents of Confucius(崇圣祠) etc.. The Palace of Learning was an institution of higher learning(高等学府) of the prefecture in ancient times, usually built behind Confucian Temple.
Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue(明德堂) was the main hall(正堂) of Palace of Learning,the place for putting up the list of successful candidates(张悬科第题名榜) in the years of the imperial examination system and was also an assembly auditorium(集会礼堂) for the students to attend lectures on Confucius teachings(圣教)and imperial edicts(上谕) given by assistant instructor(听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕) after their pilgrimage on the first and the 15th day(朔、望日) every lunar month.
Zunjing Library(尊经阁) was a two-storied building with each having 5 rooms(上下两层各五楹). The upstairs was used to collect the Chinese traditional learning of the Ming Dynasty(明代国学),. The downstairs was the lecture hall(讲堂)，where assistant instructors(训导师) used to give students lectures.
Qingyun Tower(青云楼) and Ancestral temple of Confucius Parents(崇圣祠)
The Qingyun Tower is a memorial temple(祠宇或祠堂) for enshrining educational inspectors(督学) of the past dynasties(青云楼是供奉历代督学使的祠宇). The Ancestral Temple for Parents(崇圣祠) of Confucius was the place for students to offer sacrifices to Confucius parents. But someone also says it is the Saint-Admiring Temple specially for enshrining the deciples of Confucius(是祭祀孔门弟子的专祠).
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